Calculation basis
All derived metrics use only sensor dimensions and effective pixels. When both total and effective pixels are provided, we use effective pixels because they better represent the active imaging area.
Pixel assumptions
The formulas assume gapless square pixels. Real sensors may have gaps, different arrangements, and microlens structures, so pixel area represents a theoretical upper bound.
Comparison principles
Never judge image quality from one number. Consider sensor area, pixel pitch, readout speed, processor, lens, and release date together.
Example: Canon EOS R7 crop factor
Using the 22.3 × 14.9 mm sensor dimensions, first calculate the diagonal and then divide the 43.27 mm diagonal of the 35mm frame by that result. Rounded to two decimals, the crop factor is about 1.61×.
√(22.3² + 14.9²) = 26.82 mm · 43.27 ÷ 26.82 = 1.61×